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| leghisturl = http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:HR03210:@@@R | introducedin = House | introducedbill = | introducedby = Michael Oxley (R-OH) | introduceddate = November 1, 2001 | committees = House Financial Services, House Ways and Means, House Budget, House Judiciary | passedbody1 = House | passeddate1 = November 29, 2001 | passedvote1 = 227-193, | passedbody2 = Senate | passedas2 = | passeddate2 = July 25, 2002 | passedvote2 = Passed unanimous consent | conferencedate = November 13, 2002 | passedbody3 = House | passeddate3 = November 14, 2002 | passedvote3 = Agreed voice vote | agreedbody3 = | agreeddate3 = | agreedvote3 = | agreedbody4 = | agreeddate4 = | agreedvote4 = | passedbody4 = Senate | passeddate4 = November 19, 2002 | passedvote4 = 86-11, | signedpresident = George W. Bush | signeddate = November 26, 2002 | unsignedpresident = | unsigneddate = | vetoedpresident = | vetoeddate = | overriddenbody1 = | overriddendate1 = | overriddenvote1 = | overriddenbody2 = | overriddendate2 = | overriddenvote2 = | amendments = | SCOTUS cases = }} The Terrorism Risk Insurance Act (TRIA) () is a United States federal law signed into law by President George W. Bush on November 26, 2002. The Act created a federal "backstop" for insurance claims related to acts of terrorism. The Act "provides for a transparent system of shared public and private compensation for insured losses resulting from acts of terrorism." The Act was originally set to expire December 31, 2005, was extended for two years in December 2005, and was extended again on December 26, 2007. The current law, under the Terrorism Risk Insurance Program Reauthorization Act, expired on December 31, 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/fin-mkts/Documents/TRIAasamended-CompositeTextPost.pdf )〕 On January 7, 2015 the House of Representatives extended TRIA by a vote 416-5. The Senate approved the extension the day after by a vote of 93-4. On January 12, 2015, President Barack Obama signed the extension into law as . ==History== Before the attacks of September 11, 2001, business insurers generally neither charged for nor specifically excluded terrorism coverage. The scope of the 9/11 attacks and the resulting $40 billion estimated insured loss changed perceptions dramatically. It was the worst terrorist attack on record for both property and fatalities and the worst international act of destruction on American soil since the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor, as 2,507 civilians, 72 law enforcement officers, 343 firefighters, and 55 service members lost their lives in New York City, Arlington County, Virginia, and in a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania. Much of the financial cost from the 9/11 attacks fell on reinsurers (that further spread the risk assumed by primary insurers). Unable to accurately model or price terrorism exposures, reinsurers largely withdrew from the market for terrorism coverage. Without reinsurance, primary insurers were then compelled to exclude terrorism. Most state insurance regulators approved terrorism exclusions for use by primary insurers. Many businesses were not able to purchase insurance protection against future terrorist attacks. This situation was a serious threat to industries where lenders and investors required terrorism protection for their investments. Real estate, transportation, construction, energy, and utility sectors of the economy were vulnerable, creating broader threats to the national economy. Congress responded by enacting TRIA in November 2002 to provide a government reinsurance backstop in case of large-scale terrorist attacks, requiring that business insurers offer terrorism coverage for the types of insurance included in the act. Congress extended and amended TRIA in December 2005 and December 2007. Following enactment of the 2007 TRIA extension, the Congressional Budget Office forecast a net federal budget cost of $0 for TRIA through 2017. "Under TRIA, the federal government would help insurers cover losses in the event of a terrorist attack under certain conditions, and would also impose assessments on the insurance industry to recover all or a portion of the federal payments." The act expired on December 31, 2014, but was renewed at the start of the next congress, with Obama signing the extension on January 12th, 2015.〔[http://www.sddt.com/Construction/article.cfm?SourceCode=20150116czm&_t=TRIA+reauthorized+with+several+tweaks〕 Many experts warn that "construction projects could be stalled and commercial loans on shopping malls, utilities and skyscrapers could be in jeopardy." In addition, according to the Baltimore Sun, the National Football League denied rumors that it would cancel the Super Bowl over the issue.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/bs-md-terrorism-insurance-20141227-story.html#page=1 )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Terrorism Risk Insurance Act」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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